The Sweden Democrats and the Twitterstorm of the decade – from social media to riot through a rhetorical vision
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29107/rr2023.4.2Słowa kluczowe:
Szwedzcy Demokraci, retoryczna wizja, retoryka aktywistyczna w mediach społecznościowych, krytyka motywu fantazjowaniaAbstrakt
W czasie europejskiego kryzysu migracyjnego prowokacyjna kampania reklamowa skrajnie prawicowej partii Szwedzkich Demokratów została zniszczona przez tłum. Od lat żadna inna kampania w Szwecji nie przyciągnęła podobnej uwagi i niechęci. To jakościowe studium przypadku przedstawia retorykę aktywizmu, która wywołała „Twitterową burzę dekady”. Poprzez analizę motywu fantazji określono, w jaki sposób protestujący bronili swojej antyrasistowskiej wizji retorycznej. Motywy działania powiązane z typami fantazji i symbolami-sygnałami sprowokowały aktywistów do akcji, które z wirtualnej Twittosfery przeniosły się do rzeczywistości fizycznej. Omawiany przypadek jest modelowym przykładem retoryczno-politycznego aktywizmu w mediach społecznościowych i daje wgląd w to, jak funkcjonuje prowokacyjna retoryka Szwedzkich Demokratów.
Bibliografia
Andersen, Ida Vikøren. 2021. “Hostility Online: Flaming, Trolling, and the Public Debate.” First Monday 26 (3). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i3.11547.
Ball, Moya Ann. 2001. “Ernest G. Bormann: Roots, Relevations, and Results of Symbolic Convergence Theory.” In Twentieth-Century Roots of Rhetorical Studies, ed. by Jim A. Kuypers, and Andrew King, 211–34. Westport: Praeger.
Bennett, W. Lance, and Alexandra Segerberg. 2012. “The Logic of Connective Action.” Information, Communication & Society 15 (5): 739–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661.
Bormann, Ernest G. 1985. The Force of Fantasy. Restoring the American Dream. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Bormann, Ernest G., John F. Cragan, and Donald C. Shields. 1996. “An expansion of the rhetorical vision component of the symbolic convergence theory: The cold war paradigm case.” Communication Monographs 63 (1): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759609376371.
Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs and Thomas R. Burkholder. 1997. Critiques of contemporary rhetoric. 2nd edn. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Diani, Mario. 1992. “The concept of social movement.” The Sociological Review 40 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1992.tb02943.
Ellinas, Antonis A. 2018. “Media and the Radical Right.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right, ed. by Jens Rydgren, Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.14.
Frenkel, Sheera. 2021. “The storming of Capitol Hill was organized on social media.” The New York Times, January 6. Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/protesters-storm-capitol-hill-building.html.
Huitfeldt, Jörgen, and Josef Svenberg. 2017. “Tidigare utredaren om tiggeriförbud…” [Former investigator on begging ban…]. Sveriges Radio, April 24. Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6680403.
Hübinette, Tobias, and Catrin Lundström. 2012. “White Melancholia and Swedish Whiteness: The Mourning of the Loss of ‘Old Sweden’ and the Passing of ‘Good Sweden’.” In On Whiteness, ed. Nicky Falkof and Oliver Cashman-Brown, 359–368. Leiden: Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9781848881051_035.
Jenkins, Henry, Katie Clinton, Ravi Purushotma, Alice J. Robison, and Margaret Weigel. 2009. Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century. Cambridge: The MIT Press. https://www.macfound.org/media/article_pdfs/jenkins_white_paper.Pdf.
Kjeldsen, Jens E. 2018. “Audience Analysis and Reception Studies of Rhetoric.” In Rhetorical Audience Studies and Reception of Rhetoric. Rhetoric. Exploring Audiences Empirically, ed. Jens E. Kjeldsen, 1–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61618-6_1.
Kuypers, Jim, A., ed. 2016. Rhetorical Criticism. Perspectives in Action. 2nd edn. Lanham: Rowan & Littlefield.
Kuypers, Jim, A., ed. 2021. Rhetorical Criticism. Perspectives in Action. 3rd edn. Lanham: Rowan & Littlefield.
Lieblich, Amia, Rivka Tuval-Mashiach, and Tamar Zilber. 1998. Narrative Research. Reading, Analysis, and Interpretation. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Murthy, Dhiraj. 2018. “Introduction to Social Media, Activism, and Organizations.” Social Media +Society 4 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117750716.
Nationell samordnare för utsatta EU-medborgare. 2016. “Framtid sökes. Slutredovisning från den nationella samordnaren för utsatta EU-medborgare.” [Future wanted. The final report from the national coordinator for vulnerable EU citizens]. SOU 2016:6. Stockholm: Wolters Kluwer. Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/b9ca59958b5f43f681b8ec6dba5b5ca3/framtid-sokesslutredovisning-fran-den-nationellasamordnaren-for-utsatta-eu-medborgare-sou-2016_6.pdf.
Nikunen, Kaarina. 2018. “From Irony to Solidarity: Affective Practice and Social Media Activism.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 10 (2): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.58036/stss.v10i2.655.
Oja, Simon. 2015. Sverigedemokraternas budskap 2005–2010. En retorisk studie av ett annorlunda parti. Doctoral Thesis. Örebro University. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45275.
Persily, Nathaniel, and Joshua A. Tucker, eds. 2020. Social media and democracy: the state of the field, prospects for reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108890960.
Rydgren, Jens, ed. 2018. The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.001.0001.
Segerberg, Alexandra, and W. Lance Bennett. 2011. “Social media and the organization of collective action: Using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests.” The Communication Review 14 (3): 197–215. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/10714421.2011.597250.
St. Antoine, Thomas J., and Matthew T. Althouse. 2016. “Fantasy-Theme Criticism.” In Rhetorical Criticism. Perspectives in Action, 2nd ed., ed. Jim A. Kuypers, 167–90. Lanham: Rowan& Littlefield.
Timberg, Craig, Elizabeth Dwoskin, and Reed Albergotti. 2021. “Inside Facebook, Jan. 6 violence fuelled anger, regret over missed warning signs.” The Washington Post, October 22. Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/10/22/jan-6-capitol-riot-facebook.
Townsend, Leanne, and Claire Wallace. 2016. Social Media Research: A Guide to Ethics. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen. https://www.gla.ac.uk/media/Media_487729_smxx.pdf.
Vaast, Emmanuelle, Hani Safadi, Liette Lapointe, and Bogdan Negoita. 2017. “Social Media Affordances for Connective Action. An Examination of Microblogging Use during the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill.” MIS Quarterly 41 (4): 1179–1206. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2017/41.4.08.
Valmyndigheten 2023a. “Valresultat 2014.” Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.val.se/valresultat/riksdag-region-och-kommun/2014/valresultat.html.
Valmyndigheten 2023b. “Valresultat 2018.” Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.val.se/valresultat/riksdag-region-och-kommun/2018/valresultat.html.
Valmyndigheten 2023c. “Valresultat 2022.” Retrieved October 16, 2023 from https://www.val.se/valresultat/riksdag-region-och-kommun/2022/valresultat.html.
Vatnøy, Eirik. 2018. “Focus Group Studies of Social Media Rhetoric.” In Rhetorical Audience Studies and Reception of Rhetoric. Exploring Audiences Empirically, ed. Jens E. Kjeldsen, 135–60.London: Palgrave Macmillan Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61618-6_5.
Vatnøy, Eirik, and Dawn Wheatley. 2022. “Mediated recognition in campaigns for justice: The case of the Magdalene laundry survivors.” Communications 47 (4): 532–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2022-0039.
Wheatley, Dawn, and Eirik Vatnoey. 2020. “‘It’s Twitter, a bear pit, not a debating society.’A qualitative analysis of contrasting attitudes towards social media blocklists.” New Media& Society 22 (1): 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819858278.
Widfeldt, Anders. 2018. “The Radical Right in the Nordic Countries.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right, ed. Jens Rydgren, 545–64. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.27.
Wikipedia. 2015. “Storstockholms lokaltrafik.” July 30. Retrieved July 30, 2015 from https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storstockholms_Lokaltrafik#AB_Stockholms_Sp.C3.A5rv.C3.A4gar_.281915.E2.80.931966.29.
Wikipedia. 2021. “Flashback.” September 16. Retrieved September 16, 2021 from https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_Forum.
Yang, Guobin. 2016. “Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter.” Media and Communication 4 (4): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692.
Pobrania
Opublikowane
Jak cytować
Numer
Dział
Licencja
Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 "Res Rhetorica"
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Artykuły publikowane są na lincencji CC BY 4.0. Treść licencji jest dostępna tutaj: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artykuły opublikowane na licencji CC-BY (wersje postprint) mogą być udostępniane przez autorów każdemu, na dowolnej platformie lub za pośrednictwem dowolnego kanału komunikacyjnego pod warunkiem, że zostały przypisane do Res Rhetorica jako pierwotnego wydawcy.
